The latest GRAF® weather model improvements
Continue readingKey takeaways
- Modern weather APIs embed predictive intelligence directly into existing flight planning and dispatch screens, removing the need for separate weather monitors.
- Powered by 500 TB of daily ingested data, The Weather Company API platform handles 6 trillion monthly API calls with sub-10ms response times (TTFB) maintaining performance during severe global weather events.
- Next-generation multi-point APIs allow airlines to query turbulence (EDR), winds, and convective hazards along an entire flight path across 50 flight levels in a single API call.
The bottleneck in flight management is rarely a lack of meteorological data; it’s how fast and seamlessly that data reaches decision-makers. Real-time, low-latency API integration is moving predictive weather intelligence off standalone monitors and directly into primary flight management systems. With aviation weather APIs, modern airlines are revolutionizing flight dispatch, aircraft load planning, station risk management, and overall operational safety.
What is an aviation weather API?
An aviation weather API is a programmatic interface that ingests raw meteorological data — such as radar, satellite feeds, turbulence models, and surface observations — and delivers real-time weather analytics directly into flight planning, dispatch, and ground operations tools. Instead of requiring dispatchers to check separate weather monitors, APIs embed predictive weather intelligence straight into existing flight management screens.
Architectural backbone: Accuracy, speed, and scale
The Weather Company weather data APIs earn their place in airline operations across three core dimensions: accuracy, speed, and breadth.
| Dimension | Key Performance Benchmark | Operational Impact |
| Scale & Capacity | 6 trillion API calls per month (~200 billion daily) | Maintains platform resilience during severe global weather events. |
| Ingestion Pipeline | 500 terabytes ingested daily from 100+ sources | Synthesizes METARs, 100+ weather models, and 400,000 personal weather stations. |
| API Speed (Latency) | <10 milliseconds Time-to-First-Byte (TTFB) | 7x faster: the time between when an API request is made to the time the first byte, or piece, of the response starts coming back. |
| Data Tail Latency | <200 milliseconds for the slowest 1% of queries | Slashes response lag from 1 second down to sub-200ms across high-volume traffic. |
Key technical features driving flight management innovations
Our next-generation aviation APIs move beyond simple point lookups and static map tiles, delivering high-density, 3D atmospheric data directly into flight planning and dispatch systems.
Multi-point route APIs & 3D flight trajectories
Traditional weather APIs return weather data at a single point (latitude/longitude) or as flat map tiles. Modern multi-point route APIs allow dispatch systems to query weather data along an entire 3D flight path across time, altitude, and trajectory in a single API call.
- Sample routes in a single call: Query time- and altitude-accurate weather across an entire flight path at custom spatial or temporal intervals in a single API request.
- Evaluate 3D turbulence: Analyze turbulence data across 50 flight levels simultaneously with our proprietary GRAF® modeling system to help dispatchers and pilots adjust altitudes around turbulence bands and severe wind shear.
- Extract key atmospheric parameters: Retrieve specific variables—such as wind speed, reflectivity, and echotops—at fixed distance intervals or time steps along the route.
- Support flexible spatial geometries: Process line-string flight paths or multi-point arrays to monitor weather across an entire flight network.
High-efficiency single-site radar
Modern flight operations require granular radar views to navigate convective weather around terminal airspace:
- Ingest full-suite radar feeds: Deliver NEXRAD Level-2 and all sweep-based Level-3 radar products—including reflectivity, velocity, spectrum width, and precipitation type—directly into operational platforms like Maverick® and consumer apps like Storm Radar.
- Expand regional radar coverage: Integrate high-resolution single-site radar capabilities across broader territories, with Canadian radar feeds joining the global portfolio next.
Historical data replay (“Replaying the sky”)
Airlines can archive gridded datasets for 92+ days to re-simulate historical flight routes under past weather conditions.
- Archive gridded datasets automatically: Retain historical weather data for 92 days by default, with extended retention options available for specialized enterprise requirements.
- Support simulation and post-event analysis: Assist safety and flight operations teams with post-flight audits, predictive model testing, flight simulator training against real past conditions, and automated dispatch logic backtesting.
Interactive developer hub
To streamline integration for airline developer teams, The Weather Company’s developer portal provides comprehensive tools:
- Interactive endpoint testing: Developers can test live endpoints — including the Multi-point Route API—and inspect structured JSON responses in real time using a valid API key.
- Package specifications: Tailored API documentation categorized by domain (Examples: Aviation Core, Enhanced Core, Enroute, Severe Weather) helps technical teams identify exact data schemas.
different API products publicly offered
API endpoints in our portfolio

Transform your operations with weather APIs from The Weather Company
The most useful weather data is the data your team never has to leave their primary tools to find. By embedding high-density, sub-10ms weather data directly into flight planning and dispatch workflows, airlines can eliminate blind spots, automate payload decisions, and improve station-wide predictability.
Next steps for operations & tech teams
Ready to eliminate weather blind spots in your own flight systems?
- Evaluate your screen gaps: Audit where dispatchers or flight crews are currently leaving primary tools to manually lookup weather.
- Test live endpoints: Visit The Weather Company Developer Portal to explore API packages, test multi-point route queries, and evaluate live payload responses.
- Focus on the decision: Contact us with your specific operational challenge — whether it’s high-density payload capping, automated holding alerts, or 3D turbulence avoidance — to configure the ideal API suite for your enterprise.
Get started
Contact our experts today to discover how Weather Data APIs can empower your decision-making and strengthen your business resilience. Let us help you transform weather data into a strategic asset.
Contact usFrequently asked questions
By integrating role-based controls and severity thresholds, APIs deliver tailored weather information to specific teams — preventing dispatchers and flight crews from receiving redundant alerts.
Standard map tiles require client systems to download and parse large image overlays. Multi-point APIs allow flight software to query raw numerical data along a specific flight route and altitude profile in a single, lightweight call.
Yes, gridded weather APIs allow airlines to archive past weather conditions, enabling flight operations to replay severe weather scenarios for pilot training, flight simulation, and post-event analysis.
Key takeaways
- Prioritize cognitive load reduction with Maverick Dispatch: Consolidating disparate weather tabs, NOTAM feeds, and alert systems into a single ASD platform reduces mental fatigue, eliminates desktop clutter, and speeds up operational decision-making.
- Embrace out-of-the-box UX to slash training: Moving away from heavy manual interface customization to Maverick’s standardized, intuitive UI allows new dispatchers to get up and running in 30 minutes rather than days.
- Demand agile SaaS innovation: Enterprise aviation software no longer needs to move slowly. Partnering with vendors operating on rapid sprint cycles ensures desktop tools like Maverick Dispatch evolve alongside changing operational needs.
Every year, The Weather Company hosts an invite-only Aviation Conference — a two-day collaborative summit bringing together flight operations executives, dispatch leaders, and technology innovators. Designed to educate, inform, and foster open dialogue between current and prospective clients, the event serves as a launchpad for the future of aviation technology.
A centerpiece of this year’s conference was the Maverick Dispatch™ Partner Panel, which brought together flight operations leaders across network and regional carriers.
Together, we explored how moving from legacy Aircraft Situational Display (ASD) platforms like Fusion to Maverick Dispatch™ — the cloud-native flight following platform from The Weather Company, formerly WSI — is reshaping operational workflows, reducing training footprints, and setting a new standard for vendor agility. Here are the key operational themes and strategic insights that emerged from the stage from three of our client participants.
1. The push to eliminate “37 open tabs”: Tackling dispatcher cognitive load
A dominant theme throughout the panel was the psychological and operational toll that software fragmentation places on flight dispatchers. In many operation control centers, dispatchers regularly monitor anywhere from 10 to 12 distinct software applications simultaneously across multi-monitor setups.
When a dispatcher must bounce between independent platforms for radar, turbulence forecasts, ACARS communications, flight tracking, and NOTAM updates, operational friction mounts — and cognitive fatigue sets in.
By bringing alerting, weather visualization, and route building into a single pane of glass, operators can shift their focus from tool navigation to proactive decision-making.
That shift from active system management to passive, effortless awareness was echoed across regional desk operations:
2. Debating legacy systems “built for the Wright brothers”
One of the liveliest moments on stage was an unscripted debate over how airlines view legacy platforms that have anchored flight operations desks for over two decades. While legacy software like Fusion built a strong reputation for deep customization, panelists clashed over whether legacy architecture can keep pace with modern operational demands.
Other panelists offered a more measured perspective, emphasizing that while legacy platforms served the industry reliably, modern web architecture is required to unlock real-time innovation.
Summarizing the strategic shift, Alan used a compelling analogy to capture why airlines are looking beyond legacy tools:
3. High-value visual innovations: Smart NOTAMs, 3D layers, and Global Surface Movement
When asked to highlight their favorite features in Maverick Dispatch, the panelists focused on features that transform complex tabular data into intuitive visual context.
Historically, text NOTAMs were notoriously painful to go through, often burying dispatchers and pilots. Visualizing active closures and constraints directly on map layers represents a major leap forward.
4. Slashing training hours from 8+ hours to 30 minutes
Beyond desk efficiency, legacy software presented a major burden to corporate training departments. Because legacy systems allowed infinite manual interface customization, instructors had to spend hours teaching trainees how to build custom map views, configure color themes, and set up desktop profiles from scratch.
By standardizing map elements and removing legacy setup complexity, training shifts away from software management to operational decision-making.
5. Customization vs. standardization: Finding the product sweet spot
The conversation around training led directly into a debate about software customization. Is infinite customizability a feature or a flaw?
Representatives from our product team, including myself, joined the discussion, explaining that Maverick intentionally dialed back user preferences to avoid the visual confusion common in legacy tools — where two dispatchers sitting side-by-side might look at wildly different interfaces.
I touched on why we made specific design choices for Maverick early on. We intentionally put less customization into Maverick to start because we heard that often when you’re looking at Fusion, it sometimes looks like different applications between different dispatchers and it’s hard to visually look over someone’s shoulder or take something over. From a product perspective, I did want to tone back some of the customization just because it was getting unwieldy at times.
The airline panelists largely supported this standardized, out-of-the-box design:
Another panelist put a fine, humorous point on why retiring infinite color palettes is a welcome change:
6. Agile sprints and rapid innovation
In enterprise aviation, vendor relationships have historically been slow and rigid, with minor software enhancements taking years to deploy. The panel cited The Weather Company’s agile development cadence — featuring bi-weekly development sprints and direct customer input—as a standout differentiator.
Expanding on that collaborative dynamic, Garrett emphasized the value of having a vendor that actively listens:
Co-creating the future of aviation tech
The lively debate and honest feedback shared during the Maverick Dispatch Panel highlighted what makes The Weather Company’s annual Aviation Conference so vital. It isn’t just a venue to showcase software — it’s a collaborative forum where flight operations leaders actively shape the tools they rely on every day.
As web-native technology, 3D weather visualizations, and real-time surface tracking continue to mature, the shift away from legacy platforms is accelerating. The breakthroughs shared at this year’s conference prove that when software development moves at the speed of airline operations, the entire industry benefits.
Let's talk
To learn more about how Maverick Dispatch can reduce cognitive load and streamline training across your flight operations desk, contact our aviation experts today.
Contact usKey Takeaways
- Relying on deterministic, single-point weather forecasts introduces hidden operational risks by failing to account for low-probability, high-impact “tail events.”
- The cost-loss decision framework allows operational leaders to evaluate the financial threshold where taking protective action outweighs potential damages.
- The Weather Company’s Forecast on Demand engine evaluates 150+ models—both deterministic and ensemble—to deliver confidence intervals, 10th/90th percentiles, and 100 Monte Carlo simulation scenarios via API.
- Industries spanning energy, CPG retail, and agriculture leverage probabilistic forecasts across time horizons ranging from hours to 7 months out to optimize supply chains and protect critical assets.
In enterprise operations, uncertainty is often the single greatest source of hidden cost. Yet for decades, businesses have relied on deterministic, single-point weather forecasts to make high-stakes operational choices. While a single number offers simple clarity, it hides critical operational insights that fall outside standard predictions.
Below, I explore how operational leaders can use probabilistic weather intelligence to analyze hundreds of potential weather scenarios to quantify uncertainty, evaluate cost-loss thresholds, and make mathematically sound risk management decisions.
Q: Why does relying on a single weather forecast create hidden operational risk?
A: Single-point, deterministic forecasts, such as predicting exactly 32°F or 5 inches of snow, give a false sense of certainty because operations rarely fail on what is most likely — they fail on unexpected tail risks. Focusing solely on the single most probable outcome obscures extreme scenario probabilities that carry catastrophic financial or operational costs.
In enterprise decision-making, evaluating weather risk relies on a concept known as the cost-loss decision framework. This framework balances the cost of taking a preventative action against the financial loss incurred if an unmitigated weather event hits.

Q: What are some examples of the cost-loss decision framework in action?
A: Here are three very probable examples of the cost-loss ratio and how it applies to different weather-impacted scenarios.
First, let’s consider a river flooding forecast where water levels are projected to rise to two feet below a levee:
- Deterministic approach: The forecast projects no breach, leading decision-makers to do nothing.
- Probabilistic approach: The forecast shows a 5% probability of the river topping the levee, which would result in $100 million in structural damages.
- The decision: Deploying sandbags costs $1 million. Under the Cost-Loss Framework, taking action becomes financially optimal at just a 1% probability threshold ($1M cost / $100M loss = 0.01). Spending $1M to hedge against a 5% risk of $100M in damages is the mathematically correct business choice.
Next, imagine an airline flight dispatch forecast into a hub airport where convective weather or wind shifts may trigger a ground stop or sudden runway configuration change:
- Deterministic approach: The single-value forecast projects standard arrival operations and clear flight corridors, leading dispatchers to load zero contingency holding fuel.
- Probabilistic approach: The ensemble forecast shows an isolated 20% probability of convective storms causing a ground stop and holding patterns that would force a flight diversion, resulting in $110,000 in diversion costs from extra fuel burn, passenger misconnections, and irregular gate operations.
- The decision: Loading 4,000 pounds (~600 gallons) of contingency fuel costs $1,650. Under the cost-loss framework, taking action becomes financially optimal at just a 1.5% probability threshold ($1,650 cost / $110,000 loss = 0.015).
For the third example, consider an overnight freeze forecast for a hobby strawberry farm with 50 acres where sub-freezing temperatures threaten open blossoms:
- Deterministic approach: The point forecast projects an overnight low of 34°F—safely above freezing—leading the grower to keep irrigation pumps turned off.
- Probabilistic approach: The calibrated ensemble indicates a 5% tail risk probability of temperatures dropping to 28°F, which would cause severe blossom damage and result in $1.5M in lost strawberry crop yield (~$30,000/acre).
- The decision: Running continuous overhead sprinklers overnight to encase and protect the crop through latent heat release costs $2,500 in pumping fuel, water, and labor. Under the Cost-Loss Framework, taking protective action becomes financially optimal at just a 0.17% probability threshold ($2,500 cost / $1,500,000 loss = 0.0017).
Q: How does The Weather Company generate probabilistic forecasts?
A: The Weather Company’s Forecast on Demand (FoD) engine powers probabilistic intelligence by ingesting data from over 150 deterministic and ensemble weather models, applying a consensus modeling approach to deliver a full probability distribution and confidence score across both space and time.
What I mean by that is, while a deterministic weather model runs a single simulation based on one best estimate of starting conditions to predict one exact outcome, an ensemble model runs dozens of simulations with slight variations to reveal the range of possibilities and their odds. Unlike legacy systems that output static figures, this engine provides statistical clarity across short-term and long-range planning horizons.
Through our weather data API integration, organizations can request 100 equally likely forecast scenarios to run directly through internal Monte Carlo simulations or pull standardized percentile risks (such as 10th and 90th percentiles) to automate operational trigger thresholds.
| Feature | Deterministic forecasting | Probabilistic forecasting |
| Primary output | Single most likely value (e.g., 32°F, 2 inches of rain) | Range / Statistical Distribution (e.g., 10th to 90th percentile) |
| Data ingestion | 150+ deterministic and ensemble models | 100+ deterministic and ensemble models |
| Risk visibility | High risk of hidden tail event, or bi-modal (2 likely outcomes) failures | Quantifiable uncertainty & percentile risk modeling |
| Data delivery | APIs serving hourly forecasts out 15 days for point-in-time variables | APIs serving hourly out to 15 days with 100 Monte Carlo simulation runs (prototypes), percentiles, bins, and probability of user-input threshold exceedance |
| Primary business value | Sets the target and aligns on execution | Quantifies risk and uncertainty for running financial risk cost/loss models |
Q: How are energy and utility companies leveraging probabilistic weather forecasts?
A: Utility companies use probabilistic forecasts to satisfy regulatory mandates like Dynamic Line Ratings (DLR) / Ambient Adjusted Ratings, allowing grid operators to safely optimize power throughput across transmission lines during extreme atmospheric conditions.
Transmission lines act like physical pipes—they expand and contract based on ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, impacting how much electricity can safely pass through them.
- The Challenge: During severe summer heatwaves, widespread air conditioning usage spikes electricity demand. However, high ambient temperatures constrict the capacity of transmission lines.
- The Solution: By applying probabilistic forecasting, utility operators evaluate tail-risk weather scenarios rather than relying on conservative static assumptions. This gives grid operators the high confidence required to maximize line throughput and prevent blackouts or forced curtailments while maintaining grid safety.
Q: How can retail and consumer goods companies apply long-range probabilistic forecasting to supply chains?
A: Retailers and CPG companies use long-range probabilistic confidence intervals — extending out up to seven months — to align inventory positioning, seasonal fuel blending, and logistics with impending weather shifts.
One clear example is occurring in fuel retail:
- Temperature Thresholds: Fuels like winter-blend diesel and biodiesel have strict temperature thresholds below which they gel or degrade.
- Supply Chain Lead Times: Ordering, blending, and distributing specialized fuel formulations takes anywhere from several days to several months.
- Operational Execution: Gas stations employ data analysts who ingest 15-day high-resolution probabilistic forecasts and 7-month seasonal confidence intervals. This ensures the correct fuel blend arrives at the pump before severe cold weather hits, protecting consumer vehicles and preventing distribution bottlenecks.
In the broader retail and CPG space, probabilistic models can help defend against the risk of weather-driven stockouts for just-in-time replenishment. Depending on the product, the fallout of stockouts can cause a loss of basket sales, customers going to competitors, or be severe enough to cause PR disasters such as France’s stockouts of air conditioners during France’s hottest recorded day.
Other examples include critical seasonal apparel shifts. Weather impacts retailers’ decisions to hold onto inventory rather than discounting for a delayed seasonal shift or when to shift seasonal apparel early to outbid competitors.
Another critical concept is one-time-buy seasonal products that have a very limited purchase window. This is common for lawn and gardening products, where consumers buy a new hose for the first spring day or replace outdoor decorations for Halloween or other holidays. Once behind on meeting seasonal shifts in consumer demand, the bullwhip effect takes over, causing supply issues to become progressively amplified as they travel upstream from retailers to wholesalers, distributors, and manufacturers.
Q: How can short-term probabilistic forecasts protect high-value agricultural crops?
A: In agriculture, short-term probabilistic forecasts enable precision mitigation techniques — such as deploying helicopters or running irrigation systems — by calculating the exact likelihood of freeze events against operational intervention costs.
Working alongside specialized meteorological consultants, farm managers evaluate probabilistic frost risks to make time-critical decisions:
- Ice encasement: If temperatures are projected to drop just below 32°F, strawberry farmers can spray crops with water. As the water freezes into ice, it releases latent heat, encasing and protecting the fruit.
- Helicopter inversion mixing: In extreme cold during early morning hours, farms deploy helicopters to fly over fields. The blades push warmer thermal inversion air down to the surface, keeping crops above freezing.
The Economics: Sending out helicopters costs roughly $5,000 but protects $150,000 worth of crops. Ingesting real-time probabilistic data ensures growers only trigger these expensive operations when the probability of damage crosses their economic break-even point.
Tracking probabilistic trends at key points is critical for making the most cost-effective decisions. There is a limited inventory of helicopters available for hire for this type of frost mitigation, so securing aircraft several days in advance can be the difference between having or not having an executable strategy. Conversely, cancellation costs can rise from a fraction to the entire cost of the hire depending on timing.
Moving beyond single-point deterministic forecasts allows enterprises to stop reacting to unexpected weather events and start managing weather risk with precision. Whether optimizing energy grid throughput, balancing retail supply chains, or deploying targeted crop protection, probabilistic weather intelligence equips business leaders with the confidence intervals needed to safeguard bottom lines.
Frequently asked questions
A deterministic forecast delivers a single expected value (e.g., “it will be 32°F”). A probabilistic forecast provides a range of potential outcomes along with their likelihoods (e.g., “a 90% chance of 30°F–34°F and a 5% chance of dropping to 26°F”), allowing decision-makers to evaluate tail risks.
A Monte Carlo simulation runs multiple model iterations using slightly varied starting atmospheric conditions to generate hundreds of possible future scenarios. This helps enterprises stress-test operational workflows against all plausible outcomes.
Probabilistic forecasts range from high-resolution, short-term tactical views (1 to 15 days out) for immediate operational response up to extended seasonal confidence intervals (up to 7 months) for strategic supply chain planning.
In the US, utilities are mandated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) via Order 881 to adopt Ambient Adjusted Ratings (AAR) (based on ambient temperature fluctuations) for power transmission capability and explicitly recognize Dynamic Line Ratings (DLR) as added benefits. In addition, the Department of Energy (DoE) heavily funds grants supporting DLR modernization through the GRIP (Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships) program, dispersing $10.5B in funding to establish Smart Grids and Grid Resilience. The EU is also supporting DLR investment driven by clean energy initiatives such as EU Regulation 2019/943.
Key takeaways
- Single-source feeds create blind spots in certain areas, while pure satellite imagery captures upper-atmosphere cloud tops rather than actual surface precipitation.
- Precise weather radar visualization requires stitching together multi-angle ground radar, high-resolution satellite cross-referencing, and proprietary physics modeling like the GRAF® model.
- Advanced predictive modeling is continuously monitored and quality-controlled by an expert meteorological team to prevent model hallucination and ensure decision-grade reliability.
Whether planning a commute or managing enterprise risk, we trust weather radar to show us what’s actually happening. But all weather visualizations are not created equal.
If you open different weather applications during the same active weather event, side-by-side comparisons reveal stark differences in resolution, clarity, and structural accuracy. Where one platform shows a distinct, localized rainband, another might display a spotty, low-resolution mass of color that bears little resemblance to the reality on the ground.
A side-by-side comparison shows how different platforms represent the same storm event, ranging from our multi-angle representation to blurred cloud-top overlays to missing radar coverage. All images taken 10/9/2026, between 9:45 and 9:50am ET, of Hurricane Isaias
Why is the gap between forecasting platforms so wide? The issue lies in a fundamental technical shortcut: most providers rely on incomplete, single-source data streams to drive their radar map representation.
The flaw of single-source radar views
To understand why competitor forecasts degrade, you first have to look at how weather imagery is constructed:
- Horizontal axis: Radar-only representations leave regional blind spots. Ground-based radar stations are great at measuring local precipitation, but they don’t exist everywhere. Ground radar coverage naturally thins out or disappears completely over oceans, mountainous terrain, and rural or under-instrumented regions.
- Vertical axis: Satellite-only representations can’t see what’s under the top layer of clouds. To solve coverage gaps, many applications default to pure satellite imagery converted into a radar-like display. But satellites primarily observe what is happening at the top of the clouds in the upper atmosphere, not what is actually reaching the ground. Treating cloud-top views as surface precipitation results in “ghost storms”, showing rain where none is actually falling at ground level.

Precise visualizations require stitching together multi-source weather data from varying observational angles to reconstruct a true, multi-layered picture of what’s happening across the region and at all altitudes.
The high cost of low-resolution data for enterprise operations
For enterprise leaders, bad weather visualizations can be a major operational liability. When a platform misrepresents a storm’s intensity or location due to low-resolution “blobbing” or satellite “ghost storms,” organizations face two costly outcomes:
- False alarms that needlessly delay flights, stall supply chains, and halt outdoor operations.
- Unflagged severe weather that leaves on-site teams and equipment unprotected.
When millions of dollars in logistics, safety, and asset management depend on precise timing, relying on low-fidelity radar feeds exposes businesses to unnecessary risk and compounding financial losses.
The multi-layered picture: Combining radar, satellite, and GRAF®
To deliver an accurate representation of what is happening right now and in the hours to come, our forecasting engine integrates three distinct layers:
- Single-site ground radar integration: Rather than relying on low-resolution pre-blended mosaics, we pull data from individual single-site ground radars. By taking readings from multiple angles and locations, we stitch together a high-resolution, multi-angle baseline.
- Satellite cross-referencing: Instead of assuming all cloud coverage equals rain, satellite observations are cross-referenced against atmospheric profile data to isolate active precipitation cores.
- High-resolution modeling: To seamlessly bridge gaps where ground radar is absent, we fold in our proprietary Global High-Resolution Atmospheric Forecasting (GRAF) model.
The Weather Company’s high-resolution radar rendering in action, tracking fine-scale atmospheric movement with crisp, surface-level precision.
Updated hourly with fresh data and fine-grained time steps, GRAF combines initial atmospheric observations with tuned physical equations to deliver a smooth, high-fidelity transition from current radar views into future forecast horizons.
| Feature / Source | Satellite-only representation | Standard radar mosaics | GRAF-powered approach |
| Surface precision | Low (cloud tops only) | Medium (coverage gaps) | High (surface-level validation) |
| Ocean & offshore coverage | High (unvalidated cloud imagery) | None (Blind spots) | High (GRAF + Satellite synthesis) |
| Forecast longevity (+3 hours) | Rapid degradation / smearing | Fades quickly beyond short-range | Sustained structural fidelity |
The longevity gap: Why predictions fall apart after hour one
It is one thing to render a snapshot of current conditions; it is another to accurately predict where a storm cell will be two or three hours into the future.
Many newer entrants in the weather space rely heavily on standalone AI models layered on top of simplistic or incomplete data streams. While AI is a powerful accelerator and is contributing to forecasting methodologies in an increasingly impactful way, applying artificial intelligence to inferior underlying data causes forecast images to break down rapidly—often within just an hour or two. Storm structures smear, storm intensity becomes distorted, and predictive value plummets.
Our GRAF weather model maintains structural clarity and spatial precision hour after hour because it is grounded in decades of meteorological modeling expertise and physical principles. Innovation isn’t just about applying the newest AI trend; it’s knowing which data inputs to trust and how to properly constrain predictive models with real atmospheric physics.
The human element: 24/7 quality control
Even the most sophisticated automated models require real-world validation.
Behind our high-resolution radar and forecast models sits our Meteorological Operations (Met Ops) team—expert meteorologists working 24/7/365 to continuously monitor, validate, and quality-control radar feeds, GRAF outputs, and satellite data in real time.
In an era where unverified model outputs can lead to false alarms or missed threats, having human meteorological oversight ensures that the insights you rely on are verified, consistent, and dependable when decisions matter most.
Science-forward precision you can rely on
Whether you are tracking an approaching convective storm line or evaluating regional weather impacts across enterprise assets, precision starts with sound science, multi-source data integration, and continuous validation.
Don’t settle for cloud-top guesses or low-resolution approximations.
Key takeaways
- The Weather Channel digital platforms reach 82 million travelers, including 40 million active monthly trip planners1 who spend significantly on travel and plan months in advance.
- Weather is a proven driver of travel decisions, with 92% of surveyed users saying that a forecast has changed their travel plans2.
- Marketers can easily activate high-impact sponsorships, audience/contextual targeting, and offsite weather data across the digital ecosystem without altering their existing buying workflows.
Is your travel media strategy missing the real moments of influence?
Most travel marketing focuses on consumers after they’ve already decided on a trip, fighting over search engine results, and booking engines where inventory is crowded and hyper-competitive. But the truth is, by the time someone is actively searching for flight times or hotel rates, the biggest decisions about the trip have already been made.
Meanwhile, a predictive intent signal is hiding in plain sight, impacting the final decision: the weather.
Weather determines when, where, and how we travel
A trip isn’t one purchase. It’s a string of decisions spread over months. To understand what really drives early choices, we surveyed real people actively planning trips within the next 12 months. What they told us reframes how brands should approach travel media: weather is not a background variable but a primary decision driver throughout the entire travel lifecycle.
Wanderlust and forecast-driven inspiration
Before someone books a flight and pulls out their suitcase, weather acts as an active motivational force. In fact, for The Weather Channel users, 70% use weather apps as their primary travel planning resource, outranking recommendations from family and friends (68%), travel booking sites (61%), and credit card rewards portals (43%)3.

Whether planned for months or a spontaneous getaway, 79% of travelers use weather to decide on a destination4. For marketers, this means there is no single “weather moment” to buy against, but a real-time opportunity to influence travelers as they decide, book, pack, and act.
Weather as a travel transaction gatekeeper and in-trip guide
Forecast checking continues all the way through the travel planning decision process. 51% of travelers check again right before booking5, and once a trip is booked, it intensifies, climbing to 57% a week out from departure and 77% on the day of travel6.
The pre-trip window is where the trip gets rebuilt and refined, opening up significant opportunities for additional purchases and brand discovery. An extraordinary 92% of users state that a forecast has changed their travel plans, 83% citing severe conditions at their destination as the deciding factor7.

Travel plan changes directly impact high-margin revenue streams:
- Trip Adjustments: 50% shifted their travel dates, and 44% altered their trip duration8.
- Ancillary Upgrades: Forecast information drove 34% of domestic and 1 in 2 international travelers to purchase travel insurance and 42% to upgrade to a flexible fare9.
- Targeted Accommodations: 39% selected hotels based on specific amenities to weather-proof their stay—a number that reaches 50% among parents10.
- Retail & Packing: 73% adjusted what they packed, and 66% changed their planned activities11.
Even in-destination, the story continues: 51% check the weather more frequently while on their trip, and 43% say the forecast dictates their overall trip enjoyment12. This gives local attractions, dining, and retail a dedicated channel to influence real-time foot traffic.
High-intent, high-spending: The Weather Channel travel audience
Our audience represents significant value for brands of all kinds, not just airlines and hotels. The Weather Channel app reaches 81.7 million personal and business travelers13, including 40 million active trip planners each month (35M planning 3-6 months in advance) who view travel as a deliberate, considered investment.
of households plan to spend over $1,000 on travel in the next 12 months14
are allocating over $2,500 to travel in the next 12 months15
plan to spend $5,000 or more on travel in the next 12 months16
We also discovered that most travel plans are road-first and long-haul. 71% travel by personal vehicle, with 41% embarking on cross-country road trips of 500 to 1,500 miles17. Nearly half (49%) take long weekends, and 47% take week-long journeys18. This creates an entry point for automotive, aftermarket, and retail brands to engage with consumers who are actively shopping for trips and open to brand discovery.
Real-world use case: The Weather Company and Steller launch contextual travel advertising experience on weather.com
To capture travelers at the earliest spark of intent, Steller partnered with The Weather Company to launch a contextual travel advertising experience across weather.com.
When travelers search local forecasts on weather.com, the integration automatically surfaces creator-led destination videos alongside city forecast pages. For travelers, it is a personalized, super-served experience. For destinations and travel brands, it represents a new form of contextual advertising that captures attention the moment intent is formed and action is close behind.
Boost travel-based campaign performance without changing your workflow
While most media partners can only make their own inventory work harder, weather data allows you to make your entire plan more efficient and effective.
By layering our first-party weather triggers, audience segments, and forecast-conditional creative directly into your existing channels, you can reach this audience across the digital ecosystem without rebuilding your tech stack, altering your buying workflows, or changing your preferred DSPs:
- High-impact sponsorships: Own the exact moment of decision via premium first-view takeovers, cultural or planning alignments, lifestyle outlooks, and health experiences across our properties.
- Audience & contextual campaigns: Reach targeted decision-makers—such as 87M travelers, 37M outdoor enthusiasts, or 43M parents—via Direct or PMP buys, matching rich first-party data with high-relevance contextual placement.
- Weather & behavioral data offsite: Extend over 500 first-party weather and behavioral signals across all digital channels (CTV, Social, Search, Audio, Display, and DOOH) to supercharge audience targeting, creative optimization, and bid accuracy.
Whether you are promoting flexible fares ahead of a stormy weekend, surfacing indoor dining options to in-destination travelers, or triggering tire checks before summer road trips, weather data turns unpredictable conditions into your most reliable driver of campaign yield. Learn how real-time weather triggers can increase intent across your current media channels, evaluate custom audience segments, and build forecast-conditional creative strategies for your upcoming travel campaigns.
Frequently Asked Questions
Weather targeting in travel advertising is a strategy that leverages real-time weather data, forecasts, and historical climate patterns to trigger relevant advertising messages to consumers. In travel, it helps brands align creative messaging with weather conditions that drive travel motivation (e.g., prompting beach getaways during local cold snaps or promoting indoor activities during rainy forecasts).
Unlike third-party cookies or static demographic profiles, weather data provides a real-time behavioral signal based on local conditions and location patterns. Combining first-party weather signals with audience data allows marketers to identify high-intent planners early in their buying cycle while respecting consumer privacy.
The Weather Company’s weather signals and first-party audience segments can be activated offsite across standard buying platforms (DSPs) via Direct or PMP buys. Marketers can layer weather data directly onto omnichannel campaigns—including CTV, Display, Paid Social, Search, DOOH, and Audio—without changing their buying workflows or technology stacks.
1 13 MRI Simmons, Spring 2026
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 The Weather Channel Travel Survey, 2026
Key takeaways
- Advertisers need to understand the mindset of consumers and the why they behave in certain ways and in certain areas, tailoring their strategies to match the exact time and place to engage.
- Weather Targeting is not only for seasonal categories. Atmospheric shifts drive daily micro-decisions across nearly every industry, influencing everything from personal care routines to auto test drives.
- Consumers are proactive and respond to how weather feels relative to local and seasonal norms, making the planning phase the ideal time to engage with them.
Picture this: It’s a Tuesday afternoon in late spring, and the thermometer hits exactly 55 degrees. In Atlanta, that temperature drop could have locals pulling out their sweaters, switching their morning coffee orders from iced to hot, and moving their dinner plans indoors. Meanwhile, that 55-degree reading in Boston has residents putting away their parkas, ordering cold drinks, and fighting for a seat on an outdoor patio.
While the absolute data — the temperature outside — is identical, the consumer mindset is completely different in the two locations. To many, 55 degrees is just a number, but to us, it’s a signal for behavioral change.
How does weather actually change consumer behavior?
Weather is considered the biggest driver of purchase decisions. According to the National Retail Federation (NRF), over 3% of all retail sales are directly affected by changes in the weather each year, which amounts to about $1 trillion in retail sales annually. But the more useful question for marketers isn’t what people buy in a given set of conditions. It’s how and why their brains are working when your brand reaches them.
We partnered with Neuro-Insight to measure brain response across weather conditions, and that research proved weather impacts the subconscious, where 90% of all decisions are made. It shifts mood and price sensitivity, and it influences the core functions that determine brand memory, emotional intensity, and engagement.
For example:
- During stormy conditions, brands offering comfort or support can boost engagement 29% and global memory 25%.1
- When skies are clear, people are more likely to try new brands, start new routines, and make impulse purchases, and brands that capture that mindset can see a 10% boost in ROI.2

The breadth and depth of weather data available to brands is abundant, but the question is, how effectively are they using that data to tailor their strategies to best engage their audience? It’s time to discover how Weather Targeting enables brands to get in front of consumers at the right time and in the right place. Let’s take a look at three of the biggest myths about weather-targeted marketing.
Myth 1: Weather targeting is only about the temperature
“All we need for weather targeting are the real temperatures that we get for free.”
Temperature feeds are easy to come by, and they will tell you what the air is doing. However, absolute data alone ignores consumer behavior relative to seasonal norms that drive the purchasing shifts that brands should be trying to capture.
Going beyond absolute data, we account for relativity, how weather actually feels based on location and season, by layering years of historical conditions across multiple weather variables and third-party and proprietary behavioral data and use advanced AI modeling to turn all of it into a suite of more than 500 targeting signals across multiple families:
- Purchase signals built with third-party purchase data that enables brands to target by category, drill down to specific product demand signals, or create custom signals tailored to specific KPIs.
- Emotion and mindset signals combine neuroscience research with our proprietary AI and sophisticated targeting suite to anticipate intent and automate action before the consumer even realizes their needs have shifted.
- Health and wellness signals based on anonymized data from the CDC and Merative to identify conditions that are statistically proven to invoke certain health conditions like allergies or joint pain.
- Activity signals identify when weather conditions are prime for specific consumer behaviors and lifestyle events such as outdoor sports, home-related projects, and travel.
- Relative signals capture the “vibe” of the weather, like an unseasonably hot day in October or the perfect warm weekend, that drives brand memory, impulse purchases, and maintains off-season momentum.
Further, Weather Targeting signals work at the ZIP code level and refresh as often as every 15 minutes, ensuring that your message lands at the right time in the right place, whether that’s Tuesday morning in Charlotte or Thursday afternoon in Cleveland. And because we use contextual and behavioral data rather than user data, our signals respect privacy while remaining powerful drivers of performance.
Back-to-school is a prime example of how modeled signals catch what the thermometer misses. It’s a fixed window on every media plan, but the weather moves the money inside it. Our research shows:
- 1 in 5 shoppers delay clothing purchases until the weather actually cools down.3
- 25% buy hot-weather clothes for fall because late-summer temperatures persist.4
- 33% of consumers buy a second round of school supplies once it feels like fall.5

These examples exhibit how brands that focus only on absolute data are missing out on taking advantage of the relative weather changes that drive the behavioral and purchasing shifts that they should be trying to capture.
The bottom line is, a thermometer reading doesn’t change behavior as much as how the weather actually feels compared to what people are used to. And when the weather behaves unusually, consumer intent and behavior shift dramatically. Hyper-local weather intelligence looks beyond absolute numbers to align creative and messaging with real-time human psychology.
Myth 2: Weather-targeted marketing only works for obvious seasonal products
“I don’t need to use weather because my brand isn’t seasonal, like sunscreen and pumpkin-spiced coffees.”
When most media planners hear “weather targeting,” their minds immediately jump to endemic, reactive categories, treating weather as a strategy specific to seasonal products. While this is true, it’s a very limited understanding of the power of weather.
If you think that weather is just about coffee orders and SPF, you’re missing the bigger picture. With 91% of people saying weather influences their daily routines6 and decisions, impacting whether we prioritize price, how open we are to impulse buying, and when we decide to pull the trigger on major investments.
To see how category-agnostic weather truly is, look at how atmospheric shifts dictate broad consumer behavior across non-seasonal verticals:
- It changes how we value convenience: 33% of people say hot or humid weather makes them prioritize convenience over price.7 This represents a massive opportunity for delivery services, QSRs, and frictionless e-commerce brands to capture market share when consumers are willing to pay a premium for ease.
- It acts as a catalyst for spontaneous spending: 35% of consumers report that nice weather makes them more likely to make spontaneous purchases.8 Non-endemic retail, apparel, and lifestyle brands can capitalize on this weather-driven optimism to drive incremental sales.
- It dictates the timeline for high-consideration purchases: While 68% of people use short-term forecasts to plan immediate needs like grocery shopping, 32% use the 10-day forecast specifically to plan major purchases.9 This proves weather influences big-ticket items like appliances, cars, or travel, shattering the myth that weather targeting is only for cheap, immediate fixes.

The point is that consumers don’t wait for the weather to happen to them. They are proactive. They plan. Your brand’s seasonality isn’t nearly as important as making sure your message lands when the weather-driven consumer mindset is ready for it. Weather-targeting technology with predictive signals enables all brands, from financial apps and restaurants to personal care and automotive, to engage audiences while they are still in that crucial planning phase, capturing both immediate needs and planned spending.
Myth 3: Audience targeting eliminates the need for weather targeting
“We built our campaign, and we already have our audience segments and our first-party data. We don’t need another targeting layer.”
First-party data and in-market segments are essential for building high-quality audiences, but on their own, they offer an incomplete picture. While your first-party data accurately answers who you should be targeting, it provides no insight into when or why real-time weather conditions dictate how consumers feel, try, and buy. Weather data serves as the complementary contextual layer that changes static audience segments into timely, real-world opportunities.
That’s why weather data works as an added layer to clarify and enhance audience segmentation. Layer Weather Targeting on top of your audience targeting, optimizations, and search bids — concentrating budget where conditions and mindset line up — and improve accuracy, relevance, and performance against whatever KPIs you’re managing.
It helps to remember that weather intelligence isn’t a placement you buy or a season you plan around, and none of it has to run inside a weather app. Weather targeting can drive search, social, and display and extend across CTV, DOOH, and audio. The same signal that raises a search bid in the morning can swap a social creative at midday and reweight a CTV or audio buy that evening, all without competing with the segments you’ve already built.
Let's talk
Reach out to learn more about how Weather Targeting from The Weather Company can help you engage with consumers.
Contact us3 4 5 TWC Back to School Consumer Behavior Survey, Sept 2024
6 7 8 9 TWC Summer 2026 Consumer Behavior Survey, June 2026
Key takeaways
- Enterprise spatial weather data goes beyond static visual overlays, enabling 3D route sampling, automated polygon alerting, and multidimensional API integration.
- Traditional GIS engines struggle with rapidly changing weather data; SSDS converts continuous grids into tile pyramids cached on global edge networks for delivery in milliseconds.
- Micro-topography means traditional single ZIP Codes or lat/long points miss critical operational risks.
- SUN Spatial Data Systems (SSDS) unlocks access to over 2,000 gridded and vector spatial layers along with 10+ years of historical source data for operational audits and replays.
Weather isn’t a background variable for enterprise teams. It’s a live, operational input that directly affects routing decisions, workforce deployment, inventory timing, energy load planning, and risk exposure across thousands of locations at once.
Yet, when most B2B leaders think about incorporating weather into their operations, they picture a basic 2D map — a radar loop sweeping over a region, a satellite overlay, or a simple temperature heat map. For basic situational awareness, that visual snapshot is enough.
But visualizing weather on a flat map doesn’t solve complex enterprise problems. Assets move, forecasts evolve, and decisions happen across four dimensions.
Meeting those multidimensional business needs requires serious processing capacity behind the scenes. Weather data updates continuously, spans terabytes of incoming inputs every day, and powers live features — like local airport radar sweeps — that must refresh on screen every single minute.
To bridge the gap between static map visuals and dynamic enterprise workflows, we built SUN Spatial Data Systems (SSDS).
While SSDS traditionally served as the core engine rendering maps across our consumer and enterprise applications, we’ve expanded its reach. We’re moving beyond flat map tiles to unlock the full depth of global weather intelligence across space, time, and altitude through custom, high-performance APIs.

Explore and evaluate a full range of APIs designed to propel your business forward.
Start a free 30-day API trialHere’s how we built SSDS to solve the toughest spatial data engineering challenges — and why traditional mapping APIs fall short for modern enterprise needs.
What geospatial data is and why a traditional GIS struggles with fast updates
To understand why custom architecture is necessary, it helps to start with the basics.
What is geospatial data?
Geospatial data is any information that combines location coordinates on Earth with specific attribute details, such as surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, or wind speed.
What is geospatial analysis?
Geospatial analysis is the practice of processing location-based information to identify spatial patterns, evaluate geographic risks, and automate operational decisions.
Most corporate environments rely on traditional Geographic Information System (GIS) platforms like Esri or ArcGIS for spatial data analytics. A traditional GIS excels at layered analysis of static assets, such as property boundaries, utility lines, or transit networks. Weather data is an entirely different beast.
Fast-moving data vs. legacy spatial engines
Environmental datasets present three distinct challenges that break standard systems:
- Extreme velocity: Data isn’t updated weekly or monthly; scans and forecasts arrive on demand, every minute or every hour.
- Massive volume: High-resolution global models generate continuous terabytes of gridded data points.
- Low latency demands: Mission-critical operations — like aviation flight planning or real-time storm tracking — require instant data rendering. A delay of a few seconds can impact operational safety.
Generic mapping platforms struggle under high throughput. They either force software teams to download complete global files or reduce data resolution to make point lookups manageable.
How SSDS solves it: Edge-cached tile pyramids
When SSDS receives raw environmental files, it converts continuous grids into a structured tile pyramid and stores the result in high-speed memory.

Then, when an enterprise application requests an overlay, SSDS delivers the required tile in milliseconds. Because every layer shares a uniform projection, requests cache directly onto global edge networks (like Fastly).
This speed is a major competitive differentiator. While competitor APIs force clients to pull heavy global files or wait on origin server processing, SSDS serves data directly from the edge closest to the user. In live operational environments — like aviation flight planning — this architecture gets active radar sweeps onto screens faster than premier single-site radar applications, giving decision-makers instant situational awareness when seconds count.
Whether a single analyst or thousands of concurrent users request a specific grid area, the content serves directly from the edge without straining back-end servers.
Moving beyond flat maps by sampling across space and time
A 2D map shows where weather is right now. Enterprise decisions depend on how assets move through space and time. A delivery truck or a commercial flight doesn’t sit still in a single grid cell; it moves along a trajectory.

To support these workflows, we’ve built new API services within SSDS that reframe how businesses run spatial data analytics.
The multi-point service (Route-based sampling)
Instead of pulling static map overlays, platforms can submit routes defined by coordinates, timing, and elevation:
- Logistics & fleet routing: Submit a 5-hour driving route from Point A to Point B. The API queries wind, fog, wet roads, and precipitation at the exact time and location the vehicle will be passing through.
- 3D aviation flight paths: Aviation data requires vertical scale. SSDS samples across 50 flight levels (every 1,000 feet up to 50,000 feet), delivering turbulence, icing potential, and wind vectors along an aircraft’s full takeoff, cruise, and landing profile.
- Utility & energy grid sampling: Multi-point isn’t limited to moving paths. An electric utility can submit a single request covering 1,000 stationary power stations across a region to retrieve localized wind forecasts for every asset in a single API call.
Feature extraction for lightweight alerting
Raw grid files contain millions of points, making them heavy to process on mobile devices. Our Featurizer API scans heavy raster files and isolates specific threshold conditions into light vector polygons.
Example: Instead of downloading a huge temperature grid to find freezing risks, a fleet operator can query Featurizer for “areas where temperature is below 32°F overnight.” Featurizer returns light, bounding vector polygons that can be overlaid directly into decision logic or alerting engines.
Direct radar streaming
Through specialized single-site services, we deliver raw radial radar sweeps directly from national weather networks and airport stations. By streamlining processing pipelines, our architecture delivers active radar scans to user screens faster than dedicated single-site tools.
Micro-topography: Why ZIP Codes and single lat/longs fail
A common mistake in enterprise planning is relying strictly on single ZIP Codes or isolated latitude and longitude points.
In reality, weather changes drastically over very short physical distances due to topography and elevation:
- Coastal & elevation drops: Houses situated just three blocks off a coast, or down in a valley versus on a ridge 100 feet away, experience vastly different wind profiles and thermal bounds.
- Micro-scale resolution: In our new microscale forecast layers (sub-kilometer spacing) temperature and wind parameters reflect localized terrain — down to showing the wind speed on a golf course tee box.
With the exception of the microscale forecast, traditional single-point lookups blur these geographic details. Full tile processing gives decision engines the complete spatial context needed to manage real risk across spread-out assets.
10+ years of spatial intelligence
Spatial intelligence isn’t just about the present forecast — it’s about historical analysis, auditing, and storytelling.
SSDS now exposes an extensive catalog of over 2,000 gridded and vector products, backed by 10+ years of continuous historical source data:
- Dynamic tiling on demand: By pointing our Dynamic Tiler at deep S3 archives, SSDS dynamically generates tile pyramids from historical source files on the fly. Media outlets, researchers, or insurers can visualize 10+ years of temperature evolution or hail footprint trends without heavy manual preprocessing.

- 90-day operational replays: Flight operations are often required to audit decisions after severe weather events. Our Historical API allows planners to perform a full step-by-step replay of exact radar conditions, wind vectors, and icing layers as they appeared to dispatchers in real time
Unlocking the 2,000-layer catalog
Ask most people what layers are on a weather map, and they’ll list six or eight: radar, satellite, clouds, and surface temperature. What many enterprise teams don’t realize is that The Weather Company SSDS hosts an API catalog of over 2,000 spatial data products — from 1,400 gridded layers to hundreds of vector datasets covering water temperatures, lightning strikes, and atmospheric parameters.
Exposing the world’s best weather science via API
At its core, SSDS is designed around a single mandate: Take the unmatched scientific depth of The Weather Company — our global forecasting models, proprietary radar blends, AI models, and meteorologist expertise — and make it accessible in whatever dimension our customers need.
API calls per month
weather stations worldwide, including over 100 weather models, radar, satellite, and lightning data
uptime SLA
Whether your operations require 2D visual maps, 3D trajectory sampling across flight levels, automated polygon extraction, or historical event replays, SSDS delivers that intelligence rapidly, efficiently, and at global scale.
Get started
Contact our experts today to discover how Weather Data APIs can empower your decision-making and strengthen your business resilience. Let us help you transform weather data into a strategic asset.
Contact usKey takeaways
- Modern weather forecasting runs at hourly and sub-hourly update frequencies across billions of locations globally. Human-Over-The-Loop (HOTL) replaces legacy synchronous human gatekeeping with asynchronous, continuous forecast management.
- Machine learning models handle scale, processing speed, and pattern detection. But they still need expert shepherding to catch model errors, anomalous data spikes, and meteorologically suspect output before it drives downstream decisions.
- Meteorologists draw geographic polygons to assign forecast rules to specific parameters over defined time spans. The system applies those rules automatically whenever data is requested for the relevant location, parameter, and time.
- HOTL was built to add quality control and nuanced forecast adjustments without slowing publication. That matters when weath.
Why expert validation matters in AI weather forecasting
Weather data is easier to access than ever. Open-source models and basic APIs are widely available, which can make forecasts look interchangeable on the surface. They aren’t.
For someone planning a weekend jog, an inaccurate forecast may be a minor inconvenience. For an enterprise making high-velocity operational decisions, forecast quality directly affects cost, risk, and safety. When a forecast feeds a routing engine, commodity trading model, grid operations workflow, or staffing system, a model error at the wrong moment creates immediate exposure.
AI produces forecasts at scale. Experts validate what machines miss.
AI can process atmospheric data faster than any meteorology team. But speed isn’t validation.
Machine learning algorithms identify statistical patterns. They don’t reason through atmospheric physics the way an experienced forecaster does. When model output is mathematically plausible but meteorologically flawed, automated systems can still treat it as fact. It can crunch the raw data, but it lacks the instinct to recognize when those numbers look wrong.
That’s where expert human oversight becomes critical. At The Weather Company, experienced forecasters can spot unrealistic scenarios and make intuitive corrections that AI misses.
The architectural shift: Human-In-The-Loop vs. Human-Over-The-Loop
Understanding the value of modern forecast data starts with how forecasting architectures have changed.
The legacy problem: Human-In-The-Loop (HITL)
Historically, forecast quality control relied on a Human-In-The-Loop model. A computer generated a forecast, a meteorologist manually reviewed and edited it, and then clicked publish. The human was a mandatory synchronous gatekeeper.
As spatial resolution increased and update cadences moved to hourly and sub-hourly cycles, that model became a bottleneck. It’s physically impossible for meteorologists to inspect billions of data points every few minutes. Waiting for manual approval also means data can become stale before users receive it.
The modern solution: Human-Over-The-Loop (HOTL)
Human-Over-The-Loop changes the meteorologist’s role from gatekeeper to forecast manager.
In a HOTL pipeline, automated models can output data continuously to consumer apps and enterprise APIs. At the same time, meteorologists monitor those outputs through cloud-connected workstations and workstation tools that support raster data, point data, bulletin renderings, and point-query analysis.
When a forecaster spots a model misreading local terrain, missing smoke impacts, or over-predicting rainfall, they don’t stop the feed. Instead, they draw geographic polygons over the affected area and configure rules for a specific parameter over a span of time. Those rules are then applied whenever a forecast is requested for the relevant location, parameter, and time.
Analogous example: Think of automated rail control. The train keeps moving. The operator monitors conditions, sets limits, and makes targeted adjustments only when exceptions appear, without stopping the system.
Why AI weather models need human shepherds
As AI weather models improve, do human meteorologists become less necessary? In practice, the opposite often happens. As model velocity increases, expert oversight matters more.
Computer forecasts keep getting better, but they’re still in need of shepherding because of model errors or limits in forecasting certain weather types. AI models can process large historical datasets quickly. But if they ingest noisy radar returns, conflicting sensor data, or terrain-driven distortions, flawed predictions can cascade into downstream systems.
HOTL combines both strengths. AI handles scale, speed, and coverage. Human experts add physical validation, quality control, and accountability.
Manually applied filters and rules cover a geographical area over a range of time and gives the data “instructions” on what to change given certain conditions.
How HOTL supports enterprise and consumer workflows
Machine models deliver lightning-fast data, but expert human verification keeps those predictions tied to actual atmospheric conditions. By bridging machine scale with human judgment, the HOTL platform translates complex atmospheric science into practical operational safeguards across both consumer applications and industry-specific workflows:
1. Eliminating “ghost radar” (B2C & public safety)
Radar networks can detect non-precipitating returns, often caused when radar beams bend during atmospheric temperature inversions and reflect off buildings, turbines, or ocean spray. An automated model can misread that clutter as rain and trigger false alerts.
- The HOTL fix: In the RadarPlus instance, meteorologists apply radar echo masks to block non-precipitating echoes from appearing in the radar mosaic. They can also use site-list controls to include or remove data from a radar site in the mosaic.
2. Aviation hazards and collapsing data silos (B2B aviation)
In commercial aviation, dispatch teams and cockpit crews need a shared operational picture. Weather hazard interpretation can’t live in separate tools if flight planning decisions need to move quickly.
- The HOTL fix: In the EnRoute instance, aviation meteorologists author Flight Planning Guidance (FPG) for 3D regions of concern and identify meteorological significance to flights through hazard-specific regions such as turbulence, icing, or volcanic ash areas.
3. Supply chain rerouting and automated webhooks (B2B logistics)
Rerouting a truck fleet because of a false-positive wind or ice signal is expensive. If weather is going to trigger automated actions, the forecast layer has to be governed carefully.
- The HOTL fix: HOTL adds guardrails that keep the automated forecast from doing something obviously wrong. That gives logistics teams a more defensible basis for automating webhook-based rerouting when threshold conditions are met.
4. Grid balancing and commodity hedging (B2B energy)
Energy traders and utility operators depend on temperature and precipitation outlooks to estimate load, generation commitments, and price exposure. Small forecast misses over large load centers can create material financial risk.
- The HOTL fix: In the LongView instance, forecasters publish and adjust seasonal and subseasonal temperature and precipitation anomaly forecasts, including departures from normal.
Under the hood: Asynchronous polygons and developer ergonomics
How does HOTL turn scientific judgment into fast, machine-readable forecast logic?
The asynchronous workflow
- Cloud workstation access: Forecasters log in through password-protected Single Sign-On and connect to HOTL servers in the cloud.
- Visual analysis and point queries: They review weather data underlays such as contours, images, and plots, then use point queries to inspect tabular and graphical forecast details.[1]
- Polygon rule creation: The meteorologist draws a geographic polygon over the target region and sets explicit attributes for the forecast rule.
- Time boxing: Apply rule from 14:00 UTC to 19:00 UTC.
- Parameter tuning: Adjust surface temperature down 3.5°F; cap gusts at 22 knots.
- Audit control: Rules are managed within HOTL instances and organized by office, with user privileges and shared definitions supporting operational control.[1]
- API execution: When a client queries a location inside that polygon for the relevant parameter and time, the rules are applied at request time.
40 years of historical data: The defensibility advantage
In enterprise planning, an AI forecasting platform is only as reliable as the historical data used to train and evaluate its models. Machine learning systems need long, consistent records to backtest performance and isolate weather-driven variables.
The Weather Company brings more than four decades of meteorological history to its forecasting operations, while HOTL adds ongoing human quality control on top of automated forecast generation. That combination gives data science teams a stronger basis for internal model training, risk modeling, and demand analysis.
When insurers price catastrophe risk, utilities commit day-ahead power generation, or retailers automate inventory positioning, they’re not just buying a forecast. They’re depending on a weather input that has to stand up inside financial and operational systems.
Securing enterprise workflows with verified intelligence
The goal of modern meteorology isn’t to remove human expertise. It’s to apply that expertise where it has the highest operational value.
By decoupling human oversight from the automated publication loop, Human-Over-The-Loop forecasting gives developers, data scientists, and business leaders machine-scale forecast delivery with real-time scientific control.
When weather drives decisions, forecast accuracy isn’t abstract. It directly affects operational quality, safety, and margin.
Let's talk
To learn more about harnessing the power of weather to make better, more informed decisions across industries, contact our experts today.
Contact usFrequently asked questions
In a Human-In-The-Loop system, human review is required before data can be published, which slows the process. In a Human-Over-The-Loop system, human input is specified asynchronously from automated forecast generation, so forecasts can continue to publish while experts manage exceptions and add guardrails.
AI models are strong at processing large datasets and detecting complex spatial patterns. But computer forecasts are still in need of shepherding because of model errors and limits in forecasting certain weather types. Human meteorologists add physical verification, contextual judgment, and quality control.
HOTL reduces the risk of costly false positives by adding quality control and nuanced forecast adjustments without blocking the publication process. That matters when forecast triggers are tied directly to routing, staffing, grid balancing, or aviation operations.
HOTL applies human input asynchronously rather than forcing forecasters to review individual requests. That architectural choice removes manual approval from the live publication path. It allows forecast updates to keep flowing while human-authored rules are applied to the relevant forecast request context.
Key takeaways
- Uncoordinated hub closures trigger severe ground delay programs and missed cargo SLAs.
- Differentiating cloud-to-cloud from cloud-to-ground lightning events provides crucial early warning before surface hazards land.
- Configurable proximity range rings (often benchmarked at 3 or 5 miles/km, depending on local safety programs) eliminate subjective guesswork while keeping decision authority within approved procedures.
- Web-to-mobile synchronization and predictive capacity metrics keep dispatchers and ground leads on the exact same page.
- Evaluation criteria like configurable reset logic, single-sign-on (SSO), and role-based authorization help safety leaders choose platforms that align with their operational governance.
- Maverick Ground Ops™ is purpose-built to automate temporal countdown timers and SOP messaging directly to frontline teams for safer ramps and faster turn times.
Managing airside ramp safety during severe thunderstorms forces operational leaders into a tough risk-reward balancing act. Protecting ground crews from electrical hazards is non-negotiable, but halting airfield operations paralyzes flight schedules and freezes time-sensitive cargo supply chains.
When weather intelligence relies on subjective visual observations or static manual timers, that balance breaks down. An uncoordinated 15-minute ramp closure at a primary hub causes cascading network delays — resulting in ground delay programs (GDPs), crew time-outs, and thousands of dollars in operational penalties.
The operational cost of manual “all-clear” calls during convective weather
Relying on manual procedures to pause and restart ground operations creates friction points that eat into your bottom line. Without high-fidelity tracking, safety managers have to estimate how close a storm cell actually is.
Three high-stakes financial and safety risks
- Premature reopening risks: Sending fueling crews and ground handlers back onto active taxiways while a trailing storm cell still poses an active threat creates massive safety and liability exposure. Beyond the immediate danger to frontline workers, inconsistent hazard calls invite union grievances and sit badly against ICAO and FAA duty-of-care expectations.
- Extended closure penalties: Keeping the ramp closed long after a convective threat passes because you lack clear trailing strike data drains your gate capacity. Gridlock builds quickly at shared gates, halting aircraft pushbacks and tug movements. For dedicated cargo operators working tight overnight windows, these unnecessary ground holds disrupt high-value supply chains and trigger strict performance penalty clauses with enterprise freight clients.
- Uncoordinated tenant safety calls: Different carriers and ground handling agencies on the same field often work with conflicting safety thresholds. If one carrier halts fueling while an adjacent tenant keeps pushing back, it creates immediate confusion and friction on the apron. Airport operators face intense pressure when delayed or poorly communicated signals extend ground stops unnecessarily, hurting turn times and overloading dispatchers.
Cloud-to-cloud vs. cloud-to-ground: why lightning classification matters
Not all atmospheric electrical threats pose the same risk profile to ground handlers working on the tarmac. Modern weather tracking platforms differentiate between two primary strike types to build accurate temporal lightning strike maps and manage terminal corridors predictively.
Strike profiles and operational impact
Lightning Type |
Atmospheric Behavior |
Operational Impact & System Action |
| In-cloud (Cloud-to-cloud) | Discharges occur entirely within or between storm clouds. | Serves as an early warning indicator of cell electrification. Allows crews to prepare for a controlled pause before surface threats land. |
| Cloud-to-ground | Discharges strike the surface directly. | Triggers active warning zones and initiates mandatory ramp evacuations immediately. |
Visualizing threat trajectories in real time
Tracking the temporal progression from cloud-to-cloud activity to cloud-to-ground strikes helps automated systems predict storm evolution and decay far more accurately than traditional radar overlays alone.
In-cloud pulses are displayed in purple and cloud-to-ground strIkes are displayed in orange.
Dynamic spatial tiles let operations control centers visualize exact precipitation paths across terminal coordinates. Dispatchers and ground leads see the exact same real-time meteorological truth, eliminating costly miscommunications and stabilizing team performance across shifts.
Evaluating lightning safety and operational tools for your ramp
Selecting the right platform for your operation requires evaluating several key decision factors:
- Data validation & precision: Does the provider leverage scientifically validated networks with sub-100-meter location accuracy, 15-second alert delivery, and proven cloud-to-cloud pulses vs. cloud-to-ground strike classification?
- SOP alignment & timer logic: Can proximity radii and timer-reset rules be customized to match your airport’s approved safety program?
- Role-based authorization: Does the system support role-specific permissions so that decision-support alerts feed directly to authorized safety controllers?
- Mobile delivery & audit logging: Are alerts delivered synchronously across web and mobile apps, with automated log files for compliance reporting?
Solutions engineered around these criteria — such as Maverick Ground Ops™ — are built to bridge the gap between complex meteorological data and frontline execution, ensuring that automated decision support directly reinforces your station’s governance and safety standards.
Standardizing the all-clear with automated countdown windows
To take human subjectivity out of safety protocols, Maverick Ground Ops uses configurable proximity range rings and automated temporal mapping as decision support tools. When a ground-level strike registers within a designated safety radius, the platform starts an automated countdown timer.

Crucially, each subsequent strike inside the ring automatically resets the countdown clock. The exact wait duration (e.g., 15 minutes vs. 30 minutes) is configured to match the operator’s approved local SOP. The moment the trailing strike window elapses without additional lightning activity within the safety ring, the platform automatically triggers an all-clear signal across all connected web and mobile devices. Final operational authorization remains governed by local safety leads, supported by role-based permissions for regulatory compliance.
Key operational outcomes
- Uncompromised safety: It removes human error and guarantees ground crews never re-enter the ramp prematurely in unsafe conditions.
- Maximum throughput: It reopens the ramp the exact second safety parameters are met, reclaiming valuable operational minutes and stopping cascading delay costs from spiraling.
Embedding SOPs into real-time alerts
Platform administrators can also embed company-approved standard operating procedures (SOPs) right inside these proximity alerts. When a threat breaches the perimeter, the system alerts the user and immediately reinforces the prescribed safety directive. Delivering actionable SOP-embedded alerting straight to mobile ramp leads cuts through notification clutter and keeps everyone aligned during irregular operations.
One source of truth, from the ops center to the ramp
Most bad closure and reopening decisions are not analytical failures. They’re communication failures: A duty manager and a ramp lead working from different information, deliberating over a radio call.
Maverick Ground Ops is built as cloud-native SaaS with a web dashboard and native iOS and Android applications that mirror core functionality. Admins manage every airport location from a single portal using ICAO codes. Mobile push alerts reach crews who are nowhere near a computer, which is where the work happens and where the risk is.
Lightning is the trigger, not the whole problem
Lightning stops the ramp, but it isn’t the only weather that reshapes a shift. Maverick Ground Ops draws on Currents on Demand™ (COD) and Forecasts on Demand™ (FOD) for wind gusts and direction, temperature, precipitation type, and more. Those variables can determine whether:
- Baggage loading is about to halt or a runway reconfiguration is coming, as winds shift
- Aircraft will become weight restricted, and crews face heat-stress risk, during temperature extremes
- De-icing will be needed, using a specialized de-icing probability index instead of an experienced guess, ahead of high-cost winter operations
This is the difference between knowing a storm is coming and knowing what it will do to your operation.
The practical effect is the elimination of the workaround stack — the consumer grade radar apps, the screenshot forwarded — that quietly becomes the real safety system when the official tools don’t reach the field.
Protecting network resilience with predictive convective risk management
Advanced weather tracking isn’t just about atmospheric science — it’s a direct lever for burning less fuel and protecting quarterly margins.
Turning weather alerts into early, tactical moves in the air and on the ramp
When you feed predictive intelligence like Terminal Airspace Convective Risk (TrACR) and Airport Arrival Rates (AAR) straight into dispatch workflows, your team stops reacting and starts anticipating. Instead of scrambling at the last minute with costly holding patterns and wide detours, dispatchers can make minor, early route tweaks while flights are still en route.
The bigger gain comes when the ramp is looking at that same picture. Maverick Dispatch™ and Maverick Ground Ops are built on the same weather data and the same predictive signals, so the dispatcher rerouting an aircraft and the ground lead planning the ramp pause are working from one forecast — not two vendors, two refresh rates, and a radio call to reconcile them.
That’s the same single-source-of-truth principle that keeps the ops center and the ramp aligned, extended one step further up the chain: from the flight deck and the dispatch desk all the way to the person on the apron.
Centralized multi-airport dashboards
Standardizing these signals gives both airport authorities and tenant airlines a single, shared playbook — turning what used to be operational chaos into a calm, predictable flow.This unified standard:
- Eliminates shared airfield bottlenecks
- Shields frontline teams from operational chaos
- Systematically reduces the multi-million dollar annual recovery costs associated with avoidable hub disruptions
Become a proactive airside operation
The tension between airside safety and operational efficiency isn’t an unavoidable cost of running an airfield, it’s a symptom of legacy weather tracking. Visual observation, disconnected consumer weather apps, and manual timers force reactive decision-making that compromises safety or needlessly drains capacity.
Replace them with high-fidelity strike detection, configurable proximity rings, and a synchronized picture from the ops center to the ramp, and you stop having to choose. Protecting ground crews and protecting throughput are no longer a tradeoff.
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Contact usFrequently asked questions
Aviation authorities and commercial operators typically enforce specific safety perimeters around an airfield, often establishing 3-mile to 5-mile proximity range rings. When a lightning event breaches this boundary, airside operations halt. Ground operations cannot resume until a designated time period — often 15 to 30 minutes — passes without any subsequent strikes occurring within the established radius.
Maverick Ground Ops detects both in-cloud and cloud-to-ground electrical discharges using sensor networks. These platforms process the data temporally and spatially, visualizing precise strike vectors on operational layouts. Automated platforms track this activity against custom range rings centered on ICAO airport identifiers to trigger accurate alerts.
Automated alerting eliminates subjective human guesswork from safety protocols. By triggering actionable, SOP-embedded messaging the moment a strike breaches a predefined radius, systems remove the risk of premature ramp reopening. Frontline users receive localized, clear directives on unified mobile workspaces, standardizing the response across all tenant airlines and handling agencies.
Key takeaways
- The forward-deployed model embeds meteorologists directly with enterprise teams, putting them on the front lines of severe weather events.
- Built on The Weather Company’s core infrastructure, an unparalleled data layer that processes up to 2 billion map points every 15 minutes, managing up to 400 billion calls daily.
- Forward Deployed Meteorologists deliver bespoke micro-apps, dashboards, and alerting systems customized for complex company and industry-specific use cases.
- AI skills and templates, paired with Human-Over-The-Loop expertise enables rapid prototyping into production-grade scalability, stability, and support.
As extreme weather events become more frequent and severe, enterprises are looking beyond data and seeking specialized expertise to help them navigate it. In this post, I’m sharing how our team at The Weather Company is shifting the paradigm. By combining our world-class weather science with a ‘forward-deployed’ model, we are integrating — or embedding — meteorological experts directly with our clients to rapidly build and enhance custom, AI-driven tools that solve their most complex operational challenges.
Listen to the full conversation:
Q: The term “forward-deployed” has gained a lot of momentum in AI and software engineering. What are “Forward Deployed Meteorologists”?
A: It’s a new application of something that’s been around for a while. The Weather Company’s meteorological experts have been supporting and advising some of the largest, most weather-impacted brands on the planet for more than 46 years. Traditionally, we would have a meteorologist on-site in the operation center or on call as a partner to work through weather scenarios as they become impactful and as they scale up to severe.
What has changed and why we are aligning to the concept of “forward deployed” is positioning the meteorologists at the front lines of severe events. And that is becoming increasingly important as severe weather events become more common. So our Forward Deployed Meteorologists today are on the front lines, either with the customer in the room, on the phone, or on a video call 24/7 for these severe weather battles that are happening all over the world.
Q: What is the main benefit of embedding management-consulting-level meteorologists?
A: In the past, an enterprise might hire one or two meteorologists to sit on an island within their organization. Our embedded meteorologists are part of a The Weather Company community of over 150 peers pushing the edge of weather science and accuracy. Powering our business and the analytical needs of our Forward Deployed Meteorologists is the world’s best weather science. And we operate on an enormous scale across up to 2 billion points on a map every 15 minutes, serving that data anywhere from 200-400 billion times a day.
Embedded meteorologists, as part of a forward-deployed model, mean that businesses get more than forecasts. They get a bespoke management consultant backed by deterministic and probabilistic data, ensuring highly customized operational awareness.
Q: What foundational technology and AI infrastructure allow the team to spin up bespoke enterprise solutions with speed and scale?
A: In the past, a meteorologist might deliver a custom analysis via a PDF or slide deck. What has emerged is what I would call a “weather foundry.” We have standardized backend data layers and common components on top of it.
Components like mapping, conditional triggers and alerts, workflows, and user access roles and rights are all manifested in what I call commercial off-the-shelf products. These products have a standard set of features and capabilities that are built for tens of thousands, or in the case of our consumer business, hundreds of millions of people.
What has evolved, if you think about it in terms of moving up a maturity curve, is what some technologists would call micro-apps and micro-dashboards created by a Forward Deployed Meteorologist in close collaboration with the “customer of one.”
A single airline, a single utility, or any other enterprise can now have a bespoke manifestation of those capabilities in a UI that is purpose-built for their specific requirements very quickly, utilizing those standardized components and powered by our weather foundry. We also use AI skills and templates to automate and perform quality assurance, provisioning, and testing to move these bespoke micro-apps into production.
Standard off-the-shelf vs. bespoke forward-deployed solutions
| Feature | Off-the-shelf weather SaaS | Forward-deployed Micro-apps |
| Engagement Model | One-to-many product usage | Dedicated “customer of one” collaboration |
| Speed of Tailoring | Standard features, relying on global roadmap updates | Rapid, bespoke UI iteration using AI skills and templates |
| Underlying Technology | Shared core The Weather Company foundry capabilities powering all commercial off-the-shelf SaaS products | Shared core The Weather Company foundry capabilities powering custom micro-apps |
| Dedicated Expertise | Onboarding, support, and self-service documentation | 24/7 dedicated or embedded meteorological management consulting |
Q: How do you rapidly develop applications that transition into fully supported, enterprise-grade software rather than remaining static tools?
A: The weather foundry I mentioned and all the standard componentry have been the foundations of our commercial off-the-shelf products for years. What we can do now is tap into that enterprise-grade infrastructure with custom-built AI templates and skills, using various AI resources to facilitate the rapid prototyping of a user experience that perfectly matches the client’s complex business logic, like predicting snowfall impacts on exact supply routes.
While the front-end interface is entirely unique — maybe they only want alerts when a specific weather condition intersects with a specific polygon on a map representing their asset — it accesses our common data models securely. This gives us an entirely tailored user experience sitting on top of an unshakeable, globally scaled platform.
But data is never enough, and organizations that I’ve spoken to want that Human-Over-The-Loop oversight more than ever. As bespoke experiences are developed and move through quality and production workflows, our expert meteorologists consult, advise, and help direct the features and functions as a deliverable in the bespoke UI.
Q: Can you give us an example of a real-world use case or a practical application for Forward Deployed Meteorologists?
A: While some of our customers have adopted the full life cycle of forward-deployed meteorology, every customer is unique in terms of what level of capability and collaboration that is directly applicable to their business.
Consider an organization that only operates in five cities, and they have a very specific set of conditions that they want to monitor for those five cities:
- What is happening now?
- What is predicted to happen from a deterministic perspective in the next 15 days?
- What is predicted to happen from a probabilistic distribution perspective in the next 15 days?
- What are the longer-term seasonal and sub-seasonal outlooks for those five cities?
That is a very unique set of requirements. Using our AI skills and the foundation of the weather foundry, the meteorologists can prototype, review with the customer, iterate, and move into quality and production workflows to meet those needs. As we continue to collaborate with and support that customer, we can easily continue to iterate as they scale from five to 10 to 20 to 100 cities that they want to monitor.
Q: Where do you see the Forward Deployed Meteorologist program going in the future?
A: One of the most exciting frontiers is the ability to create bespoke data, not just bespoke dashboards. We are developing ways to create custom blends of past, present, and predictive weather conditions, weighted specifically for a client’s unique use case. A Forward Deployed Meteorologist will leverage these custom data blends to build even more accurate micro-apps.
Ultimately, we are committed to continuous innovation. By leaning into responsible AI tooling, we are amplifying our human meteorological expertise. This ensures that no matter how complex the environment gets, we can help businesses across all industries meet their operational goals at scale.
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Reach out to learn more about how our Forward Deployed Meteorologists can build custom solutions tailored specifically for your business.
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